Opening of abscess Bartholin's gland

Inflammation of the Bartholin glands (Bartholinitis) can lead to the development of complications such as a Bartholin gland abscess. The functions of these glands play an important role in women's reproductive health by providing vaginal lubrication. Symptoms of the inflammatory process can cause significant discomfort; therefore, it is important to consult a gynecologist in a timely manner.

Causes of Bartholin Gland Abscess

A Bartholin gland abscess occurs when the blockage of the gland's duct leads to fluid accumulation and subsequent infection. Causes of this condition may include:

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as gonorrhea and chlamydia;
Cyst of the Bartholin gland which can form due to duct blockage (from trauma, inflammation, or other factors), leading to fluid accumulation;
Trauma to the vaginal area, which can also lead to duct blockage and inflammation.

Symptoms of Bartholin Gland Abscess

Signs of a Bartholin gland abscess may include:

Swelling and tenderness in the area of the abscess, which can range from mild discomfort to severe pain;
Noticeable swelling on one side of the vaginal opening;
Redness and inflammation of the skin over the cyst;
Fever and chills in case of a severe infection;
Pain during intercourse due to swelling and inflammation.

Forms of Bartholinitis

Bartholinitis can present in different forms:

Acute Bartholinitis: sudden inflammation and infection of the Bartholin glands, often leading to the formation of a painful abscess.
Chronic Bartholinitis: recurrent inflammatory process that may lead to persistent cysts or periodic abscesses, often requiring repeated treatment.

Diagnosis of Bartholin Gland Abscess

Diagnosis of Bartholin gland abscess typically starts with reviewing complaints, medical history, identifying symptoms, and examination. The gynecologist may find signs of inflammation, swelling, redness, and tenderness around the Bartholin glands.

To confirm the diagnosis, the doctor may order an ultrasound, allowing assessment of the size of the abscess or cyst and its extent. If an infection is suspected, tests are performed to identify the type of bacteria and their sensitivity to antibiotics.

Treatment of Bartholin Gland Abscess

Treatment of Bartholin gland abscess should be comprehensive and includes:

Incision (cutting and draining) - this is the primary method of treating an abscess. A small incision is made for drainage of pus, relieving pain and pressure.
Antibiotic therapy is prescribed to treat the underlying infection.
In cases of recurrent abscess, a more radical procedure known as marsupialization may be performed. This surgical intervention creates a permanent opening in the gland to ensure continuous drainage and prevent future fluid accumulation.

Prevention of Bartholin Gland Abscess

To prevent the development of Bartholin gland abscesses, follow these rules:

Maintain cleanliness and dryness in the vaginal area to reduce the risk of infection.
Use condoms and practice safe sex to prevent STIs that could contribute to issues with the Bartholin glands.
Undergo regular gynecological examinations to detect potential problems at an early stage.
Avoid irritants, such as douching, to maintain vaginal health.

A Bartholin gland abscess can cause discomfort and may require urgent surgical intervention. Early diagnosis ensures more effective treatment. If symptoms of an abscess occur, it is essential to see a doctor as soon as possible.