Treatment of Hydrocele
Hydrocele is the accumulation of fluid around the testicle, leading to swelling of the scrotum, also known as a testicular hydrocele. It is a common condition in newborns, but it can also appear in older age. Most often, the pathology does not accompany significant pain and is not dangerous to health; however, it may require closer attention as it can sometimes indicate more serious problems.
Causes of Hydrocele
Testicular hydrocele can develop for several reasons:
Congenital - occurs in newborns when the vaginal process of the peritoneum does not close, allowing fluid to accumulate in the scrotum.
Acquired - diagnosed in adult males, may result from inflammation or trauma in the scrotum, infectious or inflammatory processes, such as epididymitis (inflammation of the testis) or orchitis, as well as after operations in the groin area.
Any condition that causes an increase in fluid production in the scrotum or obstructs its outflow.
Symptoms of Hydrocele
The main sign of a testicular hydrocele is swelling on one side of the scrotum or the entire scrotum. Although patients usually do not complain of pain, they may note the following symptoms:
- A feeling of heaviness in the scrotum.
- Discomfort and aching pain related to significant swelling of the organ.
- Swelling that can be palpated during a physical examination. It is particularly important to consult a doctor if noticeable swelling of the scrotum is observed, whether sudden or gradual, along with tenderness and/or additional signs of infection, such as redness and warmth. Specialists at the medical center “Dobrobut” will conduct all necessary exams to exclude serious diseases such as hernias, tumors, or infections.
Diagnosis of Hydrocele
The diagnosis of hydrocele begins with a physical examination and palpation of the organ and surrounding tissues. Transillumination may also be used, during which light is shone through the scrotum to determine if it is filled with fluid. Additionally, an ultrasound examination is often ordered, which helps confirm the presence of hydrocele and exclude other pathologies, such as tumors or hernias.
Treatment of Testicular Hydrocele
Treatment of hydrocele depends on its size, severity of symptoms, and age of the patient. Here is a more detailed description of each treatment method.
Observation
In newborns, hydrocele usually does not require any intervention and often resolves on its own within the first year of life. If the hydrocele does not disappear with age or increases in size, another treatment method may be needed.
Aspiration
The procedure involves the physician inserting a thin needle into the scrotum to remove the accumulated fluid. This is a quick and minimally invasive procedure that provides rapid relief of symptoms. However, using this method may lead to reaccumulation of fluid and a recurrence of the hydrocele. Therefore, this procedure is often conducted when surgical treatment is not possible.
Sclerotherapy
After aspiration, a sclerosing agent is injected into the hydrocele sac to prevent fluid from accumulating again. This method is mostly used as a temporary solution, especially in older patients.
Surgical Removal
Surgical operation for hydrocele (hydrocelectomy) involves making an incision in the scrotum or groin area to remove the sac of fluid, thereby preventing further fluid accumulation. This procedure has a low risk of complications, typically ensures quick recovery, and provides long-lasting results. Another advantage is that the surgeon can see the full picture and make an accurate diagnosis.
Recovery
During the rehabilitation process after hydrocele treatment, especially surgical intervention, it is recommended to follow all the physician's advice, including:
- Avoiding intense physical activities for about two weeks;
- Attending follow-up appointments with the doctor;
- Taking medications as prescribed.
Complications and Prevention
Complications are quite rare and may include infections, thrombosis, recurrence of the hydrocele, as well as injury to surrounding structures, the testis itself, or blood vessels. Congenital hydrocele cannot be prevented; however, the risk of developing an acquired hydrocele can be reduced. To do this, it is important to avoid injuries to the scrotum, treat infections or inflammations in the groin area promptly, and regularly undergo preventive checkups.
If you are experiencing symptoms related to hydrocele or require treatment, be sure to schedule a consultation with a doctor at the "Dobrobut" clinic to select the most appropriate method.
