Mastitis - what is it, causes of its development, symptoms and methods of treatment

Mastitis is an inflammation of the tissue of the mammary gland, which may be accompanied by pain, a lump in the breast, and an increase in temperature.

Most cases of mastitis are successfully treated without stopping breastfeeding.

What causes mastitis?

Mastitis most commonly develops in the first weeks or months after childbirth, although it can occur at any stage of breastfeeding.

The risk of mastitis increases if:

• the baby is not latching on effectively;
• feedings are missed or sharply reduced;
• the mother has an excess of milk;
• there are cracks in the nipples;
• the breasts are constantly compressed by tight clothing;

Symptoms of mastitis

Mastitis can be suspected based on the following signs:

• a painful area or lump in the breast;
• redness of the skin;
• a feeling of heat in the affected area;
• swelling of the mammary gland;
• temperature rise above 38 °C;
• chills;
• general weakness;
• body ache resembling flu symptoms.

Usually, symptoms develop quite quickly, within a few hours or one day.

Can you breastfeed with mastitis?

Yes. Breastfeeding should be continued.

Mastitis does not make breast milk dangerous for the baby. Regular feedings help maintain normal milk flow and promote the mother's recovery.

With mastitis, there is no need to stop breastfeeding, switch the baby to formula, or constantly pump the breasts "until the last drop."

If feeding causes difficulties or severe pain, it is advisable to consult a breastfeeding specialist.

What should a mother do if there are lumps and redness in the mammary gland?

Positioning the baby at the breast

Feed the baby in the usual mode as needed. There is no need to increase the number of pumpings without a doctor's recommendation.

Cold compresses

After feeding, a cool compress can be applied for 10–15 minutes to reduce pain and swelling.

Pain relief

To reduce pain and inflammation, the doctor may recommend medications based on ibuprofen or paracetamol, which are compatible with breastfeeding.

Antibiotics

Antibacterial therapy is not always necessary.

The doctor may prescribe an antibiotic if:

• symptoms do not improve within 24–48 hours;
• high temperature persists;
• there is suspicion of a bacterial infection.

Most antibiotics used to treat mastitis are compatible with breastfeeding.

What should not be done?

Modern recommendations advise against:

• aggressively massaging the breasts;
• trying to "break up" the lump through pain;
• applying hot compresses;
• using alcohol compresses and compresses with dimexide;
• applying honey or other folk remedies to the breasts;
• self-starting antibiotics;
• stopping breastfeeding without consulting a doctor.

Such actions can worsen swelling and aggravate the condition.

When should you urgently consult a doctor?

Do not delay consultation if:

• the temperature exceeds 38 °C;
• pain rapidly intensifies;
• redness increases;
• symptoms do not improve within 24 hours;
• there is a soft area or a feeling of fluid inside the breast;
• general condition worsens.

The doctor may order additional examinations, including ultrasound of the mammary glands, to rule out complications.

Can mastitis be prevented?

The risk of developing mastitis can be reduced by:

• proper positioning of the baby at the breast;
• feeding on demand;
• avoiding missed feedings;
• comfortable lingerie without excessive pressure on the breasts;
• seeking timely help for pain in the breasts or nipple cracks.

The main thing for parents

Mastitis is a common complication of breastfeeding; however, in most cases, it is successfully treated.

The most important thing is not to endure pain, not to self-medicate, and to consult a doctor in a timely manner.

Breastfeeding can and should be continued even during treatment.