Chondroblastoma of the bone - symptoms, diagnosis, treatment
Bone chondroblastoma is a benign tumor localized in tubular bones. The neoplasm is characterized by slow growth. The tumor, as a rule, develops in childhood and adolescence. In older age groups, the pathology is extremely rare.
Forms of chondroblastoma:
- chondroblastoma with bone tumor;
- cystic form;
- chondroblastoma with chondromyxoid fibroma;
- bone chondroblastoma with cartilage tumor.
In rare cases, there is a malignant form of pathology, which is divided into primary malignant, clear cell chondrosarcoma and malignant chondroblastoma with a tendency to transform into osteogenic sarcoma.
Chondroblastoma of bone - pathogenesis
The neoplasm consists of granular tissue of yellow-brown color, in which small aneurysmal cysts and hemorrhages are determined. Areas of dirty gray color corresponding to the chondroid matrix are clearly visible. Dotted inclusions are foci of calcification. A small area of sclerosed bone is defined on the periphery of the chondroblastoma.
Symptoms of Codman's tumor
The tumor is usually localized in long tubular bones. Early manifestations of the pathology include unpleasant sensations in the joint area, which increase during exercise and sleep. When the pathology progresses, the main symptoms of Codman's tumor are:
- sharp pain and swelling in the joint area;
- restriction of joint mobility;
- muscle atrophy;
- development of contractures.
In isolated cases, specific pathological fractures are observed.
Diagnostics
After examining the patient, the specialist will definitely prescribe an X-ray, which will reveal a limited spherical neoplasm located in most cases on the lateral surface of the epiphysis. The malignant form of chondroblastoma is characterized by foci of destruction with destruction of the cortical bone layer.
Additional diagnostic methods include: scintigraphy, magnetic resonance imaging and histological examination (prescribed in complex cases).
Differential diagnosis is made with chondromyxoid fibroma, enchondroma and chondroblastic osteosarcoma.
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Treatment of chondroblastoma
In this case, surgical intervention is justified. Depending on the size of the tumor, marginal, peri-articular or segmental bone resection is indicated. Specialists attach great importance to rehabilitation measures in the postoperative period.
With timely treatment of chondroblastoma, the prognosis is favorable. In some cases, a recurrence of the disease is possible in the first three years after the operation.
In the case of a malignant form of the tumor, extended surgical intervention is performed followed by amputation or exarticulation.
Prevention
Prevention of chondroblastoma is the minimization of injuries and timely referral to a specialist at the first signs of discomfort in the joints. Regular physical exercises, full sleep, rational nutrition, preventive intake of vitamin and mineral complexes will be an excellent help in maintaining health.
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