Knee arthroscopy

Knee arthroscopy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure that is used for diagnosing and treating diseases and pathological changes in the knee joint. This modern technique utilizes an arthroscope equipped with a camera, allowing surgeons to clearly visualize the inner part of the joint and to perform targeted interventions without affecting healthy tissues. At Dobrobut Medical Center, arthroscopy is performed by experienced specialists who use a comprehensive approach.

Indications for Knee Arthroscopy

Knee arthroscopy is recommended when non-surgical treatments, such as physiotherapy, medications, or injections, do not provide relief. It is intended for:

Repairing a Torn Meniscus: A cartilaginous structure that provides cushioning between the femur and tibia. Meniscus injuries can cause pain and swelling and require surgical intervention.
Reconstructing the Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL): Arthroscopy allows precise reconstruction of the damaged ligament using small tools and incisions.
Removing Intra-articular Loose Bodies: Sometimes, microscopic fragments of bone or cartilage detach and float in the joint capsule, causing pain or joint locking.
Treating Damaged Cartilage: Arthroscopy helps smooth rough surfaces that can cause discomfort in osteoarthritis.
Removing Inflammatory Lesions in the Joint: In conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis.

Symptoms that Require Medical Attention

An orthopedic surgeon may recommend knee arthroscopy if the patient presents with symptoms such as:

Persistent pain and/or stiffness in the knee joint.
Swelling that does not subside after rest or medication.
Limited movement in the knee.
Instability or a feeling that the knee is "giving way."
Difficulty walking or bearing weight on the joint.
Audible clicks during movement.

Timely consultation with a specialist at Dobrobut Clinic will help determine whether arthroscopy is a suitable method for diagnosing or treating knee joint problems.

Contraindications to Knee Arthroscopy

Knee arthroscopy is considered a relatively safe procedure; however, there are situations where its performance is complicated or the risk of complications significantly increases. These may include:

Severe joint diseases such as osteoarthritis and osteoporosis, where joint structures are highly worn, increasing the risk of additional injury.
Acute joint infections.
Serious chronic diseases of the cardiovascular system, lungs, and other organs, with circulation disorders.
Skin diseases or severe dermatitis on the knee.
Significant deformities or loss of joint function from other diseases where arthroscopy may not yield the expected results.

Preparation for the Procedure

Preparation for knee arthroscopy typically involves thorough examination to identify possible indications and contraindications for the procedure, dietary restrictions prior to surgery, and planning the rehabilitation period.

How Arthroscopy is Performed

Knee arthroscopy consists of several mandatory steps:

Anesthesia: Depending on the clinical situation, local, regional anesthesia, or general anesthesia may be used.
Incisions and Insertion of the Arthroscope: Several small incisions (usually 0.5–1.5 cm) are made around the joint. The number of punctures depends on the type and volume of the procedure. An arthroscope is inserted through one of the incisions, and images of the knee's internal structures are displayed on a monitor, providing the surgeon with a clear view.
Diagnostic and Therapeutic Manipulations: During the diagnostic stage, the doctor can closely examine all components of the joint. If intra-articular treatment is needed, additional micro-tools are used. This may involve resecting affected tissues, removing intra-articular bodies, reconstructing ligaments, or repairing damaged cartilage.
Completion of the Procedure: After all necessary actions, the instruments are carefully removed, and the joint cavity is flushed with a sterile solution. Stitches or a sterile dressing are then applied.

Recovery

Recovery after knee arthroscopy is typically faster than after traditional open surgery. Often, physiotherapy is prescribed for more effective rehabilitation, helping to regain movement and strength. Heavy loads on the knee should be avoided until the physician provides clearance.

Complications and Their Prevention

Possible complications of arthroscopy include infection, thrombosis, and stiffness in the knee. To minimize these risks, it is important to follow all postoperative instructions from the doctor and strictly adhere to care recommendations, monitor for signs of infection (redness, swelling, discharge), and perform specific exercises to improve circulation and prevent stiffness.