Dyslexia - definition, types. Correction of dyslexia
Dyslexia is a problem with the development of reading skills, consisting in persistent repetition of the same mistakes (substitution of sounds, incorrect combinations, etc.). Dyslexia in children without developmental pathologies is observed in 5% of cases, the disease is more common in patients diagnosed with severe speech disorders, mental retardation.
Types of dyslexia
In medicine, 6 types of this disorder are distinguished:
- phonemic dyslexia – underdeveloped phonetic perception of sounds;
- tactile - diagnosed in blind people who have altered tactile perception of surrounding objects;
- agrammatic – the patient has an underdevelopment of the grammatical system of speech;
- semantic dyslexia - consists in poor vocabulary, lack of understanding of connections between words and phrases;
- optical – is a consequence of impaired visual acuity or complete blindness;
- mnestic - the patient does not see the connection between the sound and the letter.
Symptoms of the disease
All types of dyslexia have similar symptoms:
- there is a defect in the pronunciation of sounds;
- the patient does not construct extended sentences;
- reading takes place only by letters;
- permutation of sounds and syllables is noted;
- the patient pronounces/reads the endings of words incorrectly, twists cases.
Dyslexia when reading can be manifested by a lack of understanding of the text - a person mechanically pronounces a sentence or an entire text without analyzing it.
Correction methods
First, you need to undergo an examination: an examination by a speech therapist, an assessment of writing and speaking, an examination by an ophthalmologist and a neurologist, and an electrocardiogram. Treatment of dyslexia must be carried out, and the earlier it is started, the better and faster the results will be. The disorder is considered a "sign of genius", it was diagnosed in Einstein, Hans Christian Andersen, Leonardo da Vinci, but this condition must be corrected. This will ensure free and full-fledged education of the child at school and university, increase the level of self-esteem, and remove obstacles in communication.
If dyslexia correction is prescribed, the exercises will depend on the type of disorder diagnosed:
- with the phonemic form, they get rid of pronunciation defects of individual sounds, form the correct perception of the sound-letter series;
- in order to solve the problem of semantic dyslexia, it will be necessary to enrich the vocabulary, inculcate the grammatical norms of the language;
- with an agrammatic form, dyslexia and dysgraphia are simultaneously corrected (in older children) - the skills of correct word formation are formed, the basics of word changes are instilled;
- with mnestic, tactile and optical varieties, the development of mental and linguistic images is required.
Correction of dyslexia according to the method of Ronald Davis is considered non-standard - printed symbols/words are mentally given a figurative definition, which improves correct perception.
Preventive measures
Prevention of dyslexia should be carried out at an early age. Parents themselves or with the help of specialists should develop the child's memory and attention, fine motor skills, form the correct pronunciation of letters and words. It is important to regularly examine the child by speech therapists, ophthalmologists, ENT doctors and neurologists for early detection of various disorders.
Dyslexia - what kind of disease is it? You can learn about how to recognize it at an early stage and which specialist you should contact on the pages of our site Dobrobut.com.
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