Gnathology

Disruption of balance in the dental and jaw system can lead to various complications such as bruxism, restricted jaw movement, clicking or pain in the joints, headaches, enamel wear, bite issues, and other problems. The primary task is to identify the cause of these disruptions in order to restore muscle balance and full functionality of the dental and jaw system through appropriate treatment. During treatment, many patients report a disappearance of pain symptoms, facial muscle spasms, and other unpleasant manifestations of temporomandibular joint dysfunction.

Gnathologist: What do they do?

In the human body, all systems are interconnected, so when treating any disease, a comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach must be considered. It is important not only to eliminate symptoms but also to identify and correct their cause. This is precisely what a gnathologist does. They analyze the function of all components of the dental and jaw system and investigate how the disruption of one mechanism affects other structures, taking into account the individual anatomical features of each patient. During the consultation, the doctor examines the condition of the temporomandibular joints, the bite, the tone of the chewing muscles, neck and shoulder muscles, and also assesses the condition of the spine.

Diagnosis during a visit to the gnathologist

During the initial consultation, the following manipulations are performed:

• Collection of medical history
• External examination:
• assessment of facial symmetry, amplitude of lower jaw movements while opening the mouth,
• palpation of the chewing muscles
• Internal examination:
• assessment of the bite,
• edentulous areas,
• signs of bruxism,
• tooth wear,
• identification of other factors that may affect the state and function of the temporomandibular joint

Referral for consultations with related specialists (if necessary):

• Consultation with an otoneurologist
• Consultation with a rheumatologist
• Consultation with a neurologist
• Consultation with a maxillofacial surgeon

Auxiliary diagnostic methods:

• CT of the facial skeleton
• MRI of the temporomandibular joint with open/closed mouth,
• Photodiagnosis
• Axioigraphy,
• Myography

Treatment

Treating patients with temporomandibular joint dysfunction requires a comprehensive approach.

To normalize the position of the lower jaw and the tone of the masticatory muscles, joint splints are usually used. They help relax the masticatory muscles and gradually adapt to the therapeutic position of the lower jaw. The duration of joint therapy can range from 3 to 12 months. After completing the gnathological stage, the patient usually continues treatment with an orthodontist or a dental orthopedic doctor. In each individual case, the doctor develops a personalized treatment plan according to the patient's needs.