Nocturia (nocturnal urination)
Nocturnal urges to urinate happen to everyone, but a complete predominance of daytime diuresis is a pathology called nocturia. The patient complains of disturbed sleep and rest, reduced daytime capacity and constant fatigue. Due to the need to visit the toilet at night, the patient's well-being worsens and a number of complications appear.
Nocturia itself indicates suppression of kidney function. It often develops in the presence of the following processes:
- decrease in reabsorption of water in renal tubules;
- presence of nephrotic syndrome;
- disruption of blood supply to the renal bowls.
The appearance of nocturnal urges to urinate in women and men has different reasons, accordingly, different treatment approaches are needed. Due to the fact that this pathology has serious consequences, it is important to consult a qualified doctor in a timely manner. In our clinic - https://dobrobut.com/ - nocturia is treated by specialists with long experience.
Types of nocturia
Nocturia is permanent (with pathology of internal organs and glands of internal secretion) and temporary – with various general diseases.
Medics also distinguish unstable nocturia, in which the daytime diuresis does not decrease. Its appearance is associated with such diseases as pernicious anemia, cirrhosis of the liver, pathologies of the thyroid gland, adenoma of the prostate gland, and diabetes insipidus. True nocturia, which is accompanied by the cessation of physiological urination during the day, deserves special attention.
Reasons of frequent nocturnal urination in men and women
Nocturnal urges to urinate in men and women can be caused by the following factors:
- heart failure, which leads to fluid retention in tissues and venous stasis;
- pathology of the thyroid gland;
- hyperactivity of the bladder;
- orthostatic swelling of the ankles, when there is a blockade of calcium channels;
- kidney disease: interstitial nephritis, glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, nephrosclerosis, cystitis (the most common cause of nocturnal urination in women), chronic cystopyelitis. There is an expansion of kidney vessels and an increase in blood flow at night (the reason may be damage to the vascular system of the kidneys);
- taking diuretic drugs before going to bed;
- pernicious anemia (characterized by a decrease in blood pressure and kidney pathologies as a result of anemia);
- consumption of a large amount of liquid at night;
- adenoma of the prostate gland, when its increase in size complicates the physiological outflow of urine, due to which it returns back to the bladder (the most common cause of nocturnal urination in men);
- edema of venous origin;
- liver cirrhosis;
- therapy with various kinds of medications;
- hypercalcemia (rare, but causes nocturia in women and men);
- male gender and old age (elderly men are most prone to this pathology);
- coffee, tea, alcohol, taken in the evening, before going to bed;
- obstructive sleep apnea;
- atrophy of the pelvic muscles (pelvic floor), occurs mainly in women;
- diabetes insipidus - develops with a deficiency of vasopressin (a hormone that has an antidiuretic effect) and as a result of hypertonic dehydration, when the patient cannot drink.
Symptoms of nocturia
Nocturia is a symptom complex of many diseases. The main symptom is that the patient urinates mainly at night, not during the day (predominance of nocturnal diuresis over daytime).
The patient has:
- increased irritability;
- fatigue and low efficiency during the day;
- insomnia, the cause of which is the frequent need to go to the toilet at night;
- depressive state;
- anxious and sensitive sleep;
- memory problems;
- labile emotional state.
Diagnosis of frequent nocturnal urination
Treatment of nocturia should begin with identifying the cause of the pathology. In addition to a general examination, the patient is prescribed:
- Ultrasound of the bladder to determine the residual volume of urine;
- Ultrasound of abdominal organs;
- Ultrasound of kidneys;
- bacterial culture of urine;
- maintenance of a urination diary (men's nocturia is kept for 3 days, women's - 4);
- general analysis of urine;
- urine test according to Zimnytskyi (allows to determine the volume of daily urine and its specific gravity);
- blood test for vasopressin level;
- filling in the ICIQ-N questionnaire to determine the assessment of the patient's quality of life.
Treatment of nocturia
Treatment of frequent nocturnal urination is reduced to eliminating the cause of the pathology. It is important to first make a diagnosis and start treatment of the disease, the symptom of which is nocturia. The complex of therapeutic measures, in addition to taking the prescribed drugs, must necessarily include compliance with a limited drinking regime and diet. Due to the fact that frequent nocturnal urination in women is usually associated with atrophy of the pelvic floor muscles, it is very important to train them to bring them into normotonus. For this, a special set of exercises is selected for women.
Medications can help:
- darifenacin;
- α-adrenoceptor antagonists;
- sedatives;
- inhibitors of 5 α-reductase;
- Solifenacin.
When prostate adenoma leads to frequent nocturnal urination in men, surgical intervention is the solution to the problem.
You can and should fight nocturia, so don't delay a visit to the doctor. Treatment of nocturia is carried out in our clinic - Dobrobut.com - contact us, and together we will deal with the disease in the shortest possible time.
Related services:
Urologist consultation
Urological Check-up
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