Treatment of Hydronephrosis

Hydronephrosis is a pathological condition that develops due to obstruction of urine flow, leading to the dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces. This condition can result in increased pressure in the kidneys, which over time may cause damage to the kidneys and impair their functionality. It is important to understand that hydronephrosis is not a standalone disease but a symptom indicating the presence of an obstruction in the urinary tract. Specialists at Dobrobut Medical Center conduct comprehensive diagnostics and treatment of hydronephrosis using modern technologies and international recommendations.

Causes of Hydronephrosis

Hydronephrosis can develop as a result of various conditions:

• Kidney Stones (Nephrolithiasis);
• Congenital Anomalies: such as ureteral stenosis (narrowing);
• Scarring of the Ureters: due to infections, surgeries, or injuries;
• Tumors: that may physically compress the urinary tract;
• Prostate Adenoma or Cancer: in mature men;
• Pregnancy.

Symptoms of Hydronephrosis

Hydronephrosis may manifest differently depending on the degree and cause of obstruction:

• Dull or sharp pain in the lumbar area and flank.
• Blood in urine, indicating damage to the mucous membrane.
• Urinating problems: ranging from difficulty to complete absence.
• Fever and signs of intoxication, indicating the onset of an infectious process, like pyelonephritis.

If any of these symptoms appear, it is important to consult a doctor to determine the causes and obtain a precise diagnosis. Untreated hydronephrosis can lead to chronic kidney failure and other serious complications.

Diagnosis of Hydronephrosis

After an initial examination, the doctor may order additional laboratory and instrumental studies, usually including:

• Ultrasound of the kidneys, which can show the dilation of renal structures;
• CT scans, which provide more accurate visualization of changes;
• Magnetic Resonance Urography;
• Blood and urine tests to detect signs of inflammation and assess kidney function.

Treatment of Hydronephrosis

Based on diagnostic results and the underlying causes of hydronephrosis, the doctor selects the optimal treatment method. If there is an infectious lesion, antibiotic therapy is prescribed. If hydronephrosis is caused by other reasons (obstruction, stenosis, tumor, congenital anomalies), then surgical treatment is indicated.

Surgical Methods for Treating Hydronephrosis:

1. Pyeloplasty: A specialized operation aimed at restoring normal urine flow from the kidney by eliminating obstruction in the renal structures. Most often performed laparoscopically.
2. Ureteroscopy and Laser Lithotripsy: Used to visualize and remove stones in the ureter that may be causing hydronephrosis.
3. Nephrostomy: A temporary measure used to relieve acute hydronephrosis, allowing the kidney to function adequately.
4. Placement of Ureteral Stent: To temporarily maintain ureter patency and improve urine drainage.
5. Open Surgery: Applied in rare cases where less invasive techniques do not yield the expected results, such as complex ureteral anomalies or large tumors compressing the urinary tract.

At Dobrobut, specialists carefully assess each case of hydronephrosis, selecting the most effective treatment method for the patient. The use of the latest technologies helps reduce the risk of complications and ensures the most effective recovery.

Recovery and Prevention

The recovery process depends on the treatment method and is closely monitored by medical staff. The monitoring provides surveillance of kidney function through regular examinations. A diet with reduced salt and adequate fluid intake is recommended.

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