Cold Allergy in Adults and Children: Symptoms and Treatment

Cold allergy is a heightened sensitivity of the body to low temperatures. This condition is observed not only in winter. Some patients experience cold allergy even in warm weather conditions, for example, after swimming in cold water, staying in an air-conditioned room, or consuming cold beverages.

The primary cause of cold allergy is a weakened immune system, which may be linked to chronic conditions of the gastrointestinal tract, sinusitis, or tonsillitis. A pronounced reaction to cold is also observed in patients with hereditary predisposition or other types of allergies. Statistically, cold allergy is more common among women (in 70% of cases) and children. Below, we’ll discuss what to do with cold allergy on the skin.

Symptoms of Cold Allergy in Adults

The most common type of reaction to wind and low temperature is known as cold urticaria. What does a cold allergy look like on the skin of the face? Red spots of various sizes and shapes appear on the upper lip, eyelids, and sometimes over the entire face. Swelling of the tissues and intense itching are reported by patients.

Symptoms of cold allergy in adults appear 2-5 minutes after exposure to low temperature and last for 1-2 hours. They manifest not only as rashes but also with systemic signs — patients may feel weakness, joint pain, heart palpitations, shortness of breath, abdominal pain (especially in the stomach area), and general malaise. In severe cases, a dangerous condition known as anaphylactic shock may develop, necessitating immediate medical assistance.

Cold Allergy in Children

How does cold allergy manifest in children? One of the symptoms is rhinitis. Just stepping outside with a child on a frosty day can cause sneezing and mouth breathing due to nasal congestion. Parents often get alarmed by such a reaction and incorrectly conclude that the child has caught a cold. However, if they enter a warm room, all symptoms disappear.

Cold allergy can also manifest as dermatitis or conjunctivitis. In the first case, the child may experience redness on the face and hands, with dry and itchy skin. In the second case, tearing and burning sensations in the eyes are noted. Some may develop rashes all over the body, including on the legs.

Primary and Secondary Cold Urticaria - What Are They and How to Differentiate

Both types occur under the influence of cold factors, but there are differences in the mechanism of development and symptoms.

Primary Cold Urticaria:

• Usually idiopathic, meaning its exact causes are unknown. It may result from genetic predisposition and occurs when the body is overly sensitive to cold, leading to histamine release and allergy symptoms.
• Symptoms include skin rashes in the form of red spots and blisters after contact with cold. Itchiness and burning in the affected areas. Symptoms can appear on the skin exposed to cold or on distant areas of the body.

Secondary Cold Urticaria:

• May be triggered by other diseases, such as infections, autoimmune conditions (e.g., systemic lupus erythematosus), or some tumors. This indicates that it is a manifestation of another disease.
• Symptoms may be similar to primary urticaria but could also include systemic reactions, such as dizziness or breathing difficulties, especially if there’s a presence of comorbid conditions.

How to Differentiate Primary from Secondary Cold Urticaria:

• Medical History: If the patient has a history of other diseases that may cause symptoms, this can indicate secondary cold urticaria.
• Age of Onset: Primary cold urticaria often appears in younger individuals, while secondary can present at any age and be related to other medical conditions.
• Accompanying Symptoms: In the case of secondary cold urticaria, other signs characteristic of the underlying disease (e.g., fever in infections) may be observed.
• Reaction to Cold: Primary cold urticaria typically reacts to cold without other triggers, while secondary may be more aggressive and cause severe reactions.

For an accurate diagnosis and adequate treatment, it is crucial to consult with a doctor who can conduct necessary examinations and provide recommendations.

How to Treat Cold Allergy

Treatment for cold allergy involves the use of antihistamines — ointments, nasal drops/sprays, and tablets. A hypoallergenic diet is also important. It is recommended to exclude citrus fruits, chocolate, mushrooms, nuts, coffee, and eggs from the diet.

How to treat cold allergy on hands? It’s best to try preventing it with the use of thick creams and warm gloves. Individuals prone to cold allergies should apply cream to their hands and face before going outside and use lip balm or hygienic lipstick. It’s advisable to cover the lower part of the face with a scarf during walks.

Treatment for cold allergies in children can begin with herbal therapy. A yarrow infusion is a tried-and-true folk remedy that has anti-allergic properties. One tablespoon of yarrow is infused in a glass of boiling water for 45 minutes and then strained; the infusion is taken in one tablespoon three times a day. In cases of severe skin itching, celery root infusion is recommended.

Cold Allergy in Infants

This condition is quite rare in infants but manifests as a skin reaction to low temperatures. This can particularly concern parents, as young children have more sensitive skin and cannot express what bothers them.

In infants, symptoms of cold allergy may include rashes in the form of red spots or blisters that appear on the skin when exposed to cold air or water; itching and discomfort can occur, causing the infant to seem restless, often scratching the affected area which becomes more sensitive.

Diagnosing cold allergy in infants can be challenging. Pediatricians may conduct a skin examination and inquire about the child's medical history. In some cases, the doctor may recommend allergy tests to rule out other possible causes for the symptoms.

To prevent cold allergy, it is important to protect infants from cold air, dress them warmly, and use blankets during outdoor walks. Safe antihistamines may be used as prescribed by a doctor to alleviate symptoms. Moisturizing creams or oils are also recommended.

Understanding cold allergy and its symptoms can help parents respond appropriately to their child's condition and provide necessary support and care.

If the child’s condition does not improve, a consultation with a specialist at “Dobrobut” is needed for further examination and treatment.

Preventing Cold Allergy in Adults and Children

Implementing proper preventive measures can help reduce the risk of developing cold allergies. Here are some key recommendations:

1. Clothing and Protection from Cold: Use layered clothing that provides warmth. Pay attention to hats, gloves, and scarves to protect exposed areas of the body from cold. You can also use thermal underwear or clothing that retains heat even in cold conditions.

1. Monitoring Temperature and Humidity: During cold weather, try to avoid prolonged outdoor exposure. If necessary, opt for short walks during the warmest part of the day.
2. Skin Care: Regular use of moisturizing creams helps keep the skin in good condition, reducing the likelihood of irritation. Try to avoid prolonged contact with cold water or damp conditions that can worsen skin issues.
3. Strengthening the Immune System: Follow rules for balanced nutrition, choosing foods rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants to support the immune system. Regular physical activity helps strengthen overall health and can reduce the likelihood of developing allergies.
4. Avoiding Stress: Practice yoga, meditation, or other techniques to lower stress levels, as stress can exacerbate the body's reactions to cold.

Additional Recommendations for Children:

• Ensure that your children are dressed appropriately for the weather. Teach them to notice and report discomfort or signs of urticaria so that preventive measures can be taken.
• If you or your child already have allergies or increased sensitivity to cold, consult a doctor to get recommendations on preventive measures.

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Questions and Answers About Cold Allergy

1. What is cold allergy?

Cold allergy, or cold urticaria, is a condition in which the skin reacts to cold, causing itching, rashes, or other discomforts. It is the body's response to cold exposure, which can manifest in various forms.

2. What are the symptoms of cold allergy?

Symptoms may include red spots or blisters on the skin after exposure to cold, itching or burning in affected areas, and numbness or tingling sensations.

3. How does cold allergy develop?

Cold allergy occurs when the body reacts to cold with its immune response, which leads to the release of histamine and other chemicals that cause skin inflammation.

4. Who is at risk for developing cold allergy?

Individuals with a personal or family history of allergies, as well as those with other allergic conditions or diseases that affect the immune system.

5. Can cold allergy be treated?

Cold allergy can be treated, including the use of antihistamines that help reduce symptoms. In severe cases, a doctor may prescribe other medications to control inflammation. However, prevention measures are best taken.

6. Can cold allergy be prevented?

Yes, you can prevent cold allergy by avoiding prolonged exposure to cold, dressing warmly, using protective clothing, and caring for your skin regularly.

7. When should I see a doctor for suspected cold allergy?

Consult a doctor if you notice frequent or severe reactions to cold, such as pain, swelling, numbness, or other complications.

8. How is cold allergy diagnosed?

Diagnosis is usually based on medical history, symptom examination, and, if necessary, special tests that can help confirm cold sensitivity.

9. Is cold allergy dangerous?

In most cases, cold allergy is not dangerous, but it can cause significant discomfort and complications in severe cases, making medical consultation necessary.

10. How long do cold allergy symptoms last?

The duration of symptoms varies, but they typically subside within a few hours after contact with the cold, unless further reactions occur.

If you have any symptoms of cold allergy, do not hesitate to consult a doctor at “Dobrobut” through the appointment form on the website or by contacting the call center.