Oncogynecology

What diseases are treated in oncogynecology

Dobrobut oncogynecologists diagnose and treat such diseases of the female reproductive system:

• Ovarian cancer - the most aggressive type of oncopathology in women.
• Endometrial cancer - has a lower risk, well amenable to treatment with minimally invasive methods.
• Cervical cancer - the most common cancer, but is well diagnosed at early stages, there is a possibility of prevention through vaccination.
• Vulvar cancer - it is important to timely identify the sentinel lymph node, which is responsible for the outflow of lymph from the affected area.

An important problem in gynecologic oncogynecology is the preservation of fertility in women with gynecologic cancer, since more than 20% of cancers are diagnosed in the reproductive age. 

Gynecologic oncogynecology in children

Children under the age of 18 may also experience gynecologic cancer. Most often, these are malignant neoplasms of the ovaries, vagina and cervix. Most of them are sarcomas. Girls under 4 years of age are more often diagnosed with vaginal cancer.
With successful advances in cancer therapy, survival rates are improving and more fertility-preserving treatment options are available.

When to see a gynecologic oncologist

During routine preventive exams (recommended at least once a year) and screening exams, a gynecologist may refer for consultation with an oncologist if the following symptoms are present:

• Ulcerations on the external genitalia that do not heal for a long time,
• Change in the nature of discharge, bleeding, especially after the onset of menopause,
• Painful sensations in the genital area,
• Changes in bladder or bowel function,
• Pelvic pain,
• Pelvic masses or tumors.

Diagnosis in gynecologic oncology

In gynecologic oncology, the stage of the disease at which the diagnosis was made plays an important role. From this factor directly depends on the prognosis and effectiveness of treatment. The earlier the cancer is detected, the greater the chances of recovery.
Diagnosis begins with an examination, studying the medical history and identifying risk factors that may have influenced the development of cancer. These include: smoking, hereditary predisposition, age, presence of polyps and others. After a physical examination, the doctor may prescribe such diagnostic procedures:

• Laboratory tests, including tests to detect oncomarkers,
• PAP-test or Papanicolaou smear for atypical cells of the cervix,
• Pelvic ultrasound transvaginal and through the anterior abdominal wall,
• MRI, CT, 
• Colposcopy,
• Hysteroscopy,
• Laparoscopy,
• Biopsy,
• Consultations of allied specialists, if necessary - interdisciplinary consilium.

Based on the results of a complete examination, a comprehensive treatment plan is drawn up.

Treatment in gynecologic oncology 

The treatment plan depends on the type and stage of the disease, the involvement of lymph nodes, the presence of metastases, concomitant chronic diseases and other individual characteristics of the patient. 
Treatment should be comprehensive and cover all stages, up to rehabilitation and prevention of recurrences.
Most often the first stage of treatment in oncogynecology is surgery. In "Dobrobut" maximum surgical interventions are carried out minimally invasive (laparoscopic) method. If possible, the tumor is completely removed, as well as nearby lymph nodes.
After surgical intervention is carried out:

• Chemotherapy - the use of special drugs that stop the growth of the tumor by destroying cancer cells or stopping their division;
• Radiation therapy (radiotherapy) - the use of X-rays with a certain power;
• Immunotherapy - stimulating the body's immune system to fight the tumor;
• Targeted therapy - blocking specific enzymes, proteins, or molecules that affect tumor growth.

If the malignant tumor is detected at a late stage, is not subject to surgical removal or there are contraindications to surgery, palliative therapy is possible. This allows you to reduce the volume of the tumor, reduce symptoms and improve the patient's condition.
You can make an appointment for a consultation with a gynecologic oncologist via the form on the website or by calling the contact center.